(Part a)

(Part b)

(Part c)

Figure 2. The development of seasonal stratification in a sea ice sheet based on a study of Antarctic fast ice. To the right of the cross-sections of the ice floes there are associated figures showing the flexural strengths as determined on small ice specimens taken from different horizons in the ice sheet..

1— ice showing its winter structure and strength,

2— destructive layer,

3— ice resulting from secondary recrystallization,

4— water,

5— snow,

6— ice just prior to the onset of the spring melt.